HttpClient

本文将演示HttpClient的使用方法。

说明：

• 为了减少重复代码，本文只演示【同步】调用，例如：GetResult()
• 如果需要【异步】，请调用 Async 结尾的方法，例如：GetResultAsync()
  
  
  

简单的GET请求

HttpOption httpOption = new HttpOption {
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/show-request2.aspx",
    Data = new { id = 2, name = "abc" }  // 这里的数据将会合并到URL中
};

string responseText = httpOption.GetResult();
Console.WriteLine(responseText);

POST 表单数据

string responseText = new HttpOption {
    Method = "POST",
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/show-request2.aspx",
    Data = new { id = 2, name = "abc" }
}.GetResult();
Console.WriteLine(responseText);

POST JSON数据

string responseText = new HttpOption {
    Method = "POST",
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/show-body.aspx",
    Data = new { id = 2, name = "abc" },
    Format = SerializeFormat.Json     // 注意这里
}.GetResult();
Console.WriteLine(responseText);

POST XML数据

string responseText = new HttpOption {
    Method = "POST",
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/show-body.aspx",
    Data = new NameValue { Name = "abc", Value = "123" },
    Format = SerializeFormat.Xml     // 注意这里
}.GetResult();
Console.WriteLine(responseText);

POST 二进制数据

var data = new NameValue { Name = "abc", Value = "123" };
byte[] bytes = data.ToJson().ToUtf8Bytes();

string responseText = new HttpOption {
    Method = "POST",
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/show-body.aspx",
    Data = bytes,
    Format = SerializeFormat.Binary     // 注意这里
}.GetResult();
Console.WriteLine(responseText);

POST 数据流

var data = new NameValue { Name = "abc", Value = "123" };
byte[] bytes = data.ToJson().ToUtf8Bytes();

using( MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(bytes) ) {

    string responseText = new HttpOption {
        Method = "POST",
        Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/show-body.aspx",
        UserAgent = "ClownFish.UnitTest",
        Data = ms,
        Format = SerializeFormat.Binary     // 注意这里
    }.GetResult();
    Console.WriteLine(responseText);
}

POST 表单数据-含文件上传

string filename1 = "small_file.txt";
string filename2 = "small_file.bin";
string filename3 = "ClownFish.Log.config";

var result = new HttpOption {
    Method = "POST",
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/show-request2.aspx",
    Format = SerializeFormat.Multipart,  // 文件上传模式
    Data = new {
        id = 22222222222,
        name = "Fish Li",

        // 如果 Data 属性包含 FileInfo 或者 HttpFile 类型的属性值，就认为是上传文件
        file1 = new FileInfo(filename1),
        file2 = new FileInfo(filename2),
        file3 = new FileInfo(filename3),
    }
}.GetResult<HttpResult<string>>();
Console.WriteLine(result.Result);

直接根据请求文本发送请求

// 下面这段文本，可以从 Fiddler 或者一些浏览器的开发工具中获取
// 拿到这段文本，不需要做任何处理，直接调用 HttpOption.FromRawText 就可以了，就是这样简单！


string request = @"
POST http://www.fish-test.com/show-request2.aspx HTTP/1.1
Host: www.fish-test.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:36.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/36.0
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Referer: http://www.fish-test.com/Pages/Demo/TestAutoFindAction.htm
Cookie: hasplmlang=_int_; LoginBy=productKey; PageStyle=Style2;
Connection: keep-alive
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache

input=Fish+Li&Base64=%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E6%88%90Base64%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81
";

string responseText = 
    HttpOption.FromRawText(request)     // 构建 HttpOption 实例
    .GetResult();                       // 发送请求

Console.WriteLine(responseText);

结合RawText和Data发送请求

// 可以从 Fiddler 抓到所需要请求头，去掉：数据部分
string request = @"
POST http://www.fish-test.com/show-request2.aspx HTTP/1.1
Host: www.fish-test.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:36.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/36.0
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Referer: http://www.fish-test.com/Pages/Demo/TestAutoFindAction.htm
Cookie: hasplmlang=_int_; LoginBy=productKey; PageStyle=Style2;
Connection: keep-alive
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
";

// 1，根据一段长文本 快速设置 URL, method, headers
HttpOption httpOption = HttpOption.FromRawText(request);

// 2，设置提交数据与格式
httpOption.Format = SerializeFormat.Form;
httpOption.Data = new { id = 2, name = "aaaa", time = DateTime.Now };

// 3，发送请求，获取结果
string result = httpOption.GetResult();
Console.WriteLine(result);

设置请求超时时间

string text = new HttpOption {
    Method = "POST",
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/show-request.aspx",
    Data = new { id = 2, name = "abc" },
    Timeout = 3_000     // 3 秒超时
}.GetResult();
Console.WriteLine(text);



string text2 = new HttpOption {
    Method = "POST",
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/show-request.aspx",
    Data = new { id = 2, name = "abc" },
    Timeout = 0     // 无限等待
}.GetResult();

发送时指定请求头

string text = new HttpOption {
    Method = "POST",
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/show-request2.aspx",
    Data = new { id = 2, name = "abc" },
    Headers = new Dictionary<string, string>() {
                { "X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest" },
                { "User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64)"} }
}.GetResult();
Console.WriteLine(text);

处理请求头与响应头

HttpResult<string> result = new HttpOption {
    Method = "POST",
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/test-header.aspx",
    Data = new { id = 2, name = "abc" },

    Header = new {      // 指定二个请求头，服务端会将它们合并
        X_a = "a1",     // 对应请求头：X-a: a1
        X_b = "b2"      // 对应请求头：X-b: b2
    }
}.GetResult<HttpResult<string>>();

// 注意调用上面方法时指定的泛型参数
// 如果需要读取响应头，需要指定 HttpResult<T> 的类型参数

// 读取响应结果
string responseText = result.Result;    // this is html

// 读取响应头
string header = result.Headers["X-add-result"];
Assert.AreEqual("a1b2", header);

Console.WriteLine(responseText);

发送请求时指定身份信息

string text = new HttpOption {
    Url = "http://RabbitHost:15672/api/queues",
    Credentials = new NetworkCredential("fishli", "1qaz7410"),
    Timeout = 6_000,
}.GetResult();
Console.WriteLine(text);

发送当前进程的身份到服务端_服务端采用Windows身份认证

string text = new HttpOption {
    Method = "POST",
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/show-request.aspx",
    Data = new { id = 2, name = "abc" },
    Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultNetworkCredentials     // 注意这里
}.GetResult();
Console.WriteLine(text);

发送HTTP请求_维护会话COOKIE

// 准备一个Cookie会话容器
CookieContainer cookieContainer = new CookieContainer();

HttpOption page1 = new HttpOption {
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/user/page1.aspx",
};

// 没有登录，返回 403
int status = GetStatusCode(page1);
Assert.AreEqual(403, status);


// 登录
HttpOption login = new HttpOption {
    Method = "POST",
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/user/login.aspx",
    Data = new { name = "fish li", pwd = "abc" },
    Cookie = cookieContainer // 接收cookie
};
string text = login.GetResult();
Console.WriteLine(text);
Assert.AreEqual("Login OK.", text);


// 再次访问，带上Cookie，就正常了
page1 = new HttpOption {
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/user/page1.aspx",
    Cookie = cookieContainer
};

int status2 = GetStatusCode(page1);
Assert.AreEqual(200, status2);

private static int GetStatusCode(HttpOption option)
{
    try {
        var xx = option.GetResult();
        return 200;
    }
    catch( RemoteWebException remoteWebException ) {
        return remoteWebException.StatusCode;
    }
    catch( WebException ex ) {
        return (int)(ex.Response as HttpWebResponse).StatusCode;
    }
    catch( Exception ) {
        return 500;
    }
}

获取各种类型的结果

// 先构造一个HttpOption对象
HttpOption httpOption = new HttpOption {
    Method = "POST",
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/test1.aspx",
    Header = new { X_a = "a1", X_b = "b2" },
    Format = SerializeFormat.Form,
    Data = new { id = 2, name = "abc" }
};


// 下面演示一些常见的获取结果的方式

// 1，以文本形式（含HTML）获取服务端的返回结果
string text = httpOption.GetResult();

// 2，以二进制形式获取服务端的返回结果
byte[] bin = httpOption.GetResult<byte[]>();

// 3，如果服务端返回 json / xml，可以直接通过反序列化得到强类型结果
Product product = httpOption.GetResult<Product>();

// 4，以文本形式获取服务端的返回结果，并需要访问响应头
HttpResult<string> httpResult1 = httpOption.GetResult<HttpResult<string>>();
string text2 = httpResult1.Result;
string header1 = httpResult1.Headers.Get("Content-Type");  // 读取响应头

// 5，以二进制形式获取服务端的返回结果，并需要访问响应头
HttpResult<byte[]> httpResult2 = httpOption.GetResult<HttpResult<byte[]>>();
byte[] bin2 = httpResult2.Result;

// 6，服务端返回 json / xml，结果反序列化，并需要访问响应头
HttpResult<Product> httpResult3 = httpOption.GetResult<HttpResult<Product>>();
Product product2 = httpResult3.Result;

// 7, 以Stream形式获取服务端的返回结果
// 注意：拿到结果后，请使用 using 包起来使用
Stream steram = httpOption.GetResult<Stream>();

// 8, 以HttpWebResponse形式获取服务端的返回结果
// 注意：拿到结果后，请使用 using 包起来使用
HttpWebResponse response = httpOption.GetResult<HttpWebResponse>();

仅仅发送请求，不需要读取结果

HttpOption httpOption = new HttpOption {
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/show-request2.aspx",
};

httpOption.Send();

发送请求_启用重试功能

HttpOption httpOption = new HttpOption {
    Url = "http://www.fish-test.com/show-request2.aspx",
};

// 创建默认的重试策略
// 当发生 “网络不通” 或者 “HTTP 502,503” 时，最大重试 7 次，每次间隔 1000 毫秒
Retry retry = HttpRetry.Create();
string html = httpOption.GetResult<string>(retry);

支持 unix-socket

例如调用 Docker API，curl 的命令是

curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock http://localhost/v1.43/images/json

对应使用 HttpOption 的方式是：

HttpOption httpOption = new HttpOption {
    Url = "http://localhost/v1.43/images/json",
    UnixSocketEndPoint = "/var/run/docker.sock"
};
string json = httpOption.GetResult();

或者

string script = @"
GET http://localhost/v1.43/images/json HTTP/1.1
--unix-socket: /var/run/docker.sock
".Trim();

HttpOption httpOption = HttpOption.FromRawText(script);
string json = httpOption.GetResult();